Assessing the Prospect of Joint Exploitations of Offshore Wind, Wave, and Tidal Stream Energy in the Adjacent Waters of China

The exploitation of marine renewable energy sources, such as offshore wind (OW), wave (WA), and tidal stream (TS) energy, is essential to reducing carbon emissions in China. Here, we demonstrate that a well-designed deployment OW-WA-TS joint would be better than OW alone improving performance terms the total amount temporal stability integrated power output northern Bohai Sea/Strait, Subei Shoal, surrounding areas Taiwan Hainan Island. design principles for an efficient can summarized follows: first, small ratio WA favors temporally stable performance, except around Island southwest Second, more TS turbines will contribute steadier outputs. Meanwhile, coastal waters Guangdong Zhejiang, potential increase very high due its minor impact on stability. Finally, significantly reduces diurnal fluctuations compared with alone, which crucial steady operation grids, sufficiency, controllability periods low or no wind.